Toolpath Texturing - Independent Study

by Clark Cheng

The Toolpath Texturing project investigates the creative and technical potential of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milling as a subtractive manufacturing process. This exploration focuses on how digital toolpath generation can produce intricate surface patterns, textures, and geometries that push beyond conventional fabrication methods.

Through a combination of digital modeling and physical prototyping, the project emphasizes how the CNC machine interprets toolpaths—precisely calculated curves that guide the cutting bit—to define the material’s form. By experimenting with various bit types, toolpath strategies, and materials, students gain insight into how machining parameters influence both performance and surface quality.

The study involves generating custom toolpaths in Grasshopper, using parametric control to optimize machining resolution and surface definition. Projects begin with horizontal roughing passes for bulk removal, followed by parallel finishing passes that refine the final geometry and texture.

Conducted as part of an independent study in digital fabrication, the course combines theoretical readings, material research, and iterative prototyping. Students work with materials such as foam, wood, acrylic, and machine wax to evaluate how each responds to different milling techniques.

Ultimately, the project demonstrates how digital craftsmanship and CNC technology can merge to create new possibilities in architectural model-making, design exploration, and precision fabrication.

Here is the class syllabus for reference: